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Research Notes

    305.2.1 Bad Checks
    305.2.2 Battered Woman/Child Syndrome
    305.2.3 Battery
    305.2.4 Bribery
    305.2.5 Burden Of Proof/Presumptions
    305.2.6 Burglary

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Bad Checks Make Bad Law And Bad Policy, 46 A.F. L. Rev. 73, 1999, Major Earl F. Martin.

Reasonable Expectation of Payment as Affecting Offense under "Worthless Check" Statutes, 9 ALR3d 719.

Review of Selected 1992 California Legislation, Criminal Procedure; Bad Checks–Collection of Fees, 24 Pac. L.J. 768 Pacific Law Journal January, 1993 David H. Tellman.

Texts:

LaFave & Scott, Substantive Criminal Law (West, 1986) § 8.9 pg. 416-421.

Wharton’s Criminal Law (West, 15th ed. 1993) § 435 ppg. 575-586.

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     305.2.2    Battered Woman/Child Syndrome

See also NCJIC Research Notes 305.19.1 [Self-Defense].

Abused Children Who Kill Abusive Parents: Moving Toward an Appropriate Legal Response, Smith, 42 Cath.U L Rev. 141 (1992).

Admissibility at Criminal Prosecution of Expert Testimony on Battering Parent Syndrome, 43 ALR4th 120.

Admissibility of Expert Medical Testimony on Battered Child Syndrome, 98 ALR3d 306.

Assisting the Jury in Understanding Victimization: Expert Psychological Testimony on Battered Woman Syndrome and Rape Trauma Syndrome, Murphy, 25 Colum. J.L. and Soc. Probs. 277, 1992.

The "Battered Child Syndrome" as Self-Defense Evidence in Parricide Cases: Recent Developments and a Possible Approach, Molitor, 40 Wayne L Rev. 237 (1993).

Battered Children Who Kill: Developing an Appropriate Legal Response. C.S. Ryan, 10 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics and Pub. Pol'y. 301-39 1996.

The Battered Wife's Dilemma: To Kill or To Be Killed, Eber, 32 Hastings L.J. 895, 1981.

The Battered Woman, Walker, (Harper and Row, 1979).

Battered Woman Syndrome and Other Subtypes of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Strengths and Liabilities in the Courtroom, Boyd and Balash, CACJ/Forum, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1992. 

The Battered Woman Syndrome and the Admissibility of Expert Testimony, Breyer, 28 Crim. L. Bull. 99, 1992.

Battered Woman Syndrome as a Criminal Defense, Walus-Wigle and Meloy, 16 J. Psychiatry & Law, 389, 1988.

Battered Woman Syndrome: A Tool For Batterers?, M.F. Griffith, 64 Fordham L. Rev. 141-98 Oct. 1995.

Battered Women, Sage Publications, Moore, (1979).

Battered Women and the Equal Protection Clause: Will the Constitution Help Them When the Police Won't, Eppler, 95 Yale L.J. 788, 1986.

Battered Women and the Full Benefit of Self-Defense Laws, Duiven, 12 Berkeley Women's L.J. 103-11 (1997).

Battered Women's Advocates Want Safeguards for Children, Jordan, Daily Journal. 

The Battered Woman, Self-Defense, and the Grand Jury: Why the Jury Refused to Indict. V.L. Lutz, C.M. Bonomolo, 32 Trial 46-7+ Aug. 1996.

The Battered Woman Syndrome, Walker, (Springer Pub. Co., 1984).

Battered Women, Straw Men, and Expert Testimony: A Comment on State v. Kelly, Acker and Toch, 21 Crim. L. Bull. 125, 1985.

Battered Women Who Kill Their Abusers, 106 Harv. L. R. 1574, 1585 (1993).

Beyond the Juror's Ken: Battered Women, Walker et al., 7 Vt. L.Rev. 1, 1982.

The Burning Bed, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, McNulty, Faith, (New York), 1980.

Clemency for Battered Women in Michigan: A Manual for Attorneys, Law Students and Social Workers, ACLU Michigan Battered Women's Clemency Project, Geraghty, Sarah, (Edited by Lynn B. D'Orio, J.D. and Lore A. Rogers, J.D.), October 1998.

Clemency for Killers? Pardoning Battered Women Who Strike Back. C.N. Becker, 29 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 297-342 Nov. 1995.

The Criminal Justice System's Response to Battering: Understanding the Problem, Forging the Solutions, Waits, 60 Wash. L.Rev. 267, 1985.

A Critique and Proposed Solution to the Adverse Examination Problem Raised by Battered Woman Syndrome Testimony in State v. Hennum, Madison, 74 Minn. L.Rev. 1023, 1990.

Defending Battered Women's Self-Defense Claims, Kingports, 67 Or.L.Rev 393, 422-426 (1988).

The Defense of Battered Women Who Kill, Cipparone, 135 U. Penn. L.Rev. 427, 1987.

Describing and Changing Women's Self-Defense Work and the Problems of Expert Testimony on Battering, Schneider, 9 Women's Rights L.Rep. 195, 1986.

Developments in the Law, 106 Harv.L.Rev. 1498, 1574-97 (1993).

DSM-III-R Criteria for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder [reprint from the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1987], CACJ/Forum, Vol. 19, No. 4, 1992.

Duty of Trial Court to Instruct on Self-defense, in Absence of Request by Accused, 56 ALR2d 1170.

Educating Juries: The Battered Woman Defense in Canada, Brodsky, 25 Alberta L.Rev. 461, Spring 1987.

The Effects of Trauma on Personality Functioning [paper presented to annual meeting], Society for Personality Assessment, Mar. 1991.

Equal Rights to Trial for Women: Sex Bias in the Law of Self-Defense, Schneider, 15 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L.Rev. 623, 1980.

The Excuse of Self-Defense, Correcting a Historical Accident on Behalf of Battered Women Who Kill, Rosen, 36 Am. U.L. Rev. 11, 1986.

Excusing Women, Coughlin, 82 Cal.L.Rev 1, (1994)

The Expert as Educator: A Proposed Approach to the Use of Battered Woman Syndrome Expert Testimony [recent developments], 35 Vand. L.Rev. 741, 1982.

Expert Testimony on the Battered Woman Syndrome is Admissible, Kuhns, 21 Williamette L.Rev. 410, 1985.

Explaining the Legal System's Inadequate Response to the Abuse of Women: A Lack of Coordination, Litsky, 8 N.Y.L.S. J. Hum. Rts., 149, Fall 1990.

Faking Battered Women Syndrome: An MCMI-2 Study [paper presented to annual meeting], Society for Personality Assessment, 1992.

Forum Interview, Reilly, Forum, Vol. 19 No. 4, 1992. Mones.

The Hazards of Using the "Battered Child Syndrome" As Evidence of Self-Defense When Children Kill In Non-Confrontational Situations. L.Z. Houfek, 16 J. Juv. L. 91-114 1995.

Holly Maguigan, Battered Woman and Self-Defense: Myths and Misconceptions in Current Reform Proposals, 140 U. Pa. L. Rev. 379 (1991).

How Will Battered Women Fare Under the New Welfare Reform? S.L. Howell. 12 Berkeley Women's L.J. 140-50. 1997.

The Impact of Battered Woman Syndrome Testing on Jury Decision Making: La Vallee v. R. Considered, Schuller, 10 Windsor Y.B. Access to Justice 105, 1990.

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel: Battered Spouse Syndrome as Defense to Homicide or Other Criminal Offense, 11 ALR5th 871.

Killing Daddy: Developing a Self-Defense Strategy for the Abused Child, Moreno, 137 U Pa L Rev. 1281 (1989).

Legal Images of Battered Women: Redefining the Issue of Separation, Mahoney, 90 Mich.L.Rev 1, 83-93 (1991).

The Meaning of Equality for Battered Women Who Kill Men in Self Defense, Crocker, 8 Harv. Women's L.J. 121, 1985.

Michigan Prison Sentences: A Guide For Defense Attorneys, Girard, Sandra, Michigan Appellate Assigned Counsel System: Lansing 1996.

More Than Victims: Battered Women, the Syndrome Society and the Law, Downs, University of Chicago Press: Chicago (1996).

On Self-Defense, Imminence, and Women Who Kill Their Batterers, Rosen, 71 N.C.L.Rev. 371 (1993).

New Thoughts About the Concept of Justification in the Criminal Law: A Critique of Fletcher's Thinking and Rethinking, Dressler, 32 UCLA L.Rev. 61, 79, 1984.

Pardons: Justice, Mercy, and the Public Interest, Moore, Oxford University Press, (New York, 1989).

Parricide as Self-Defense, Van Sambeek, 7 Law & Ineq. 87 (1988).

Partially Determined Imperfect Self-Defense: The Battered Wife Kills and Tells Why, Creach, 34 Stan. L.Rev. 615, 630-631, 1982.

Police Response to Battered Women: A Critique and Proposals for Reform, Finesmith, 14 Seton Hall L.Rev. 74, 1983.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and the Insanity Defense: A Critical Analysis, Packer, 36 J. of Psychiatry and L. 125, 1984.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Death Penalty, D.D. Burke and M.A. Nixon, 38 How. L.J. 183-99 Fall 1994.

Potential Uses for Expert Testimony: Ideas Toward the Representation of Battered Women Who Kill, Blackman, 9 Women's Rts. L.Rep. 227, 1986.

The Psychodynamics of Family Violence [symposium at annual meeting], Society for Personality Assessment, 1992.

Recent Developments: Judging Domestic Violence, 10 Harv. Women's L.J. 278, 1987.

Richard A. Rosen, On Self-Defense, Imminence, and Women Who Kill Their Batterers, 71 N.C. L. Rev. 371 (1993).

The Right and the Reasonable, Fletcher, 98 Harv. L.Rev. 949, 954-955, 1985.

Rorschachs of Women Who Commit Homicide, Kaser-Boyd, J. of Personality Assessment, (in press).

Self-Defense and the Child Parricide Defendant: Should Courts Make a Distinction Between The Battered Woman and the Battered Child? M.A. Scott, 44 Drake L. Rev. 351-75 1996.

The Spousal-Homicide Syndrome, Showalter, 3 Int'l J. Law & Psychiatry 117, 1980.

State v. Norman: Self-Defense Unavailable to Battered Women Who Kill Passive Abusers, Shad, 68 N.C. L.Rev. 1159, 1990.

'Till Death Do Us Part: A Study of Spouse Murder, Bernard, H. Vera, M. Vera and Newman, Bull. of the American Academy of Psychiatry and L., Vol. 19, No. 4, 1982.

Self-Defense: Battered Woman Syndrome on Trial [comment], 20 Cal. W. L.Rev. 485, 1984.

"Slippery Slope: The Use of Duress in Defense of Battered Offenders", Dore, 56 Ohio State Law Journal 665 (1995).

Terrifying Love: Why Battered Women Kill and How Society Responds, Walker, (Harper & Row, New York 1989).

When a Child Kills: Abused Children Who Kill Their Parents, Mones, Pocket Books, 1991. 

When Battered Women Kill, Browne, (New York: The Free Press, 1987).

Will the "Real" Battered Woman Please Stand Up? In Search of a Realistic Legal Definition of Battered Woman Syndrome. A.R. Callahan, 3 Am. U.J. Gender & L. 117-52 Fall 1994.

Woman Battering: Victims and Their Experiences, Pagelow, Sage Publications, 1985.

Women Who Kill [paper presented at annual meeting], Kaser-Boyd, American Psychological Assoc., Aug. 1984.

You've Come a Long Way, Baby: The Battered Woman's Syndrome Revisited, Kristal, 9 J. of Human Rights 111, 1991.

Texts:

LaFave & Scott, Substantive Criminal Law (West, 1986) § 5.7(d) p. 656.

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Consent as Defense to Charge of Criminal Assault and Battery, 58 ALR3d 662.

Effect of Failure or Refusal of Court to Instruct on Assault and Battery, 58 ALR2d 808.

Text:

LaFave & Scott, Substantive Criminal Law (West, 1986) § 7.15.

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Annotation, Propriety of Lesser-included-offense Charge to Jury in Federal Bribery Prosecution, 107 ALR Fed 427.

The Federal Bribery Statute And The Ethics of Purchasing Testimony, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 209, Fall 1999, Camille Knight.

No More 'This For That'? The Effect of The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, 8 Cardozo J. Int'l & Comp. L. 139, 2000, Lisa Miller.

Sec Regulation of Attorneys Under The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Decisions on Efficiency And Their Role in International Anti-bribery Efforts, 20 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 987, Winter 1999, Matthew Shabat.

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Adverse Presumption or Inference Based on State's Failure to Produce or Examine Informant in Criminal Prosecution--modern Cases, 80 ALR4th 547.

An Analysis of Limitations Governing Criminal Jury Instructions on Presumptions [case note: State v. Rainey (Or. 1985) 693 P.2d 635] Gladstone, 28 Ariz. L.Rev. 311, Spring 1986.

The Atrophying of the Reasonable Doubt Standard: The United States Supreme Court's Missed Opportunity in Victor v. Nebraska (1994) 114 SCt 1239, and it's Implications in the Courtroom. G.M. Dery, Ill. 99 Dick. L. Rev. 613-43 Spr. 1995.

Burden and Sufficiency of Proof of Mental Irresponsibility, 17 ALR3d 146.

Burden of Proof as to Entrapment Defense, 52 ALR4th 775.

Burden-Shifting Criminal Jury Instructions in Georgia, Doyel, 38 Mercer L.Rev. 1, Fall 1986.

Child Abuse: Father's Conviction for Felony Child Abuse Resulting in Death was Improper in Light of Instructions that Erroneously Delegated to Jury Function of Determining Availability of Affirmative Defense of "Treatment by Spiritual Means" and that Eliminated Prosecutor's Burden of Proof with Respect to that Defense (Lybarger v. People, Colo. 1991) 807 P.2d 570, Banks, 30 J.Fam.L.667, 1991/1992.

Constitutional Law -- Finding Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt in Criminal Trials [case note: Lanigan v. Maloney (1st Cir. 1988) 853 F.2d 40] Giordano, 23 Suffolk U.L.Rev. 142, Spring 1989.

Defining a Reasonable Doubt for a Criminal Court Jury [Canada] Denisoff, Whittemore and Coles, 50 The Advocate 57, Jan. 1992.

Direction on, and Standard of Proof of, Unlawful Killing (R. v. Hampshire Coroner, ex p. A-G) [Great Britain] Coutts, 55 J.Crim. L. 266, Aug. 1991.

Homicide: Modern Status of Rules as to Burden and Quantum of Proof to Show Self-defense, 43 ALR3d 221.

Instructing on Burden of Proof as to Defense of Entrapment in Federal Criminal Case, 28 ALR Fed 767.

Instructing on the Burden of Proof and Reasonable Doubt (Symposium: Making Jury Instructions Comprehensive) [panel discussion] Siffert, 8 U. of Bridgeport L.Rev. 365, Summer 1987.

Judge's Instruction to Jury that Malice May be Presumed is Harmless Error (Annual Survey of S. Carolina Law: Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 1989) Hubbell, 42 S. Carolina L.Rev. 120, Autumn 1990.

Jury Instructions Must be Cast so that Juries will Interpret Presumptions as Permissive (Annual Survey of S. Carolina Law: Jan. 1 -Dec. 31, 1987) Smith, 40 S. Carolina L.Rev. 60, Autumn 1988.

Mental Irresponsibility, Burden and Sufficiency of Proof of, 17 ALR3d 146.

The "Presumption of Innocence" as a Constitutional Doctrine, 28 Cath. U.L.Rev. 253, 1979.

Presumptions and Burden of Proof of Continuing Insanity, 27 ALR2d 121.

Presumptions of Intent (1986 Annual Survey of Massachusetts Law: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Significant Developments in the Law of Massachusetts from Jan. 1 - Dec. 31, 1986), Clancy, 33 Annual Survey of Mass. L. 62, Annual 1986.

The Reasonable Doubt Rule and the Meaning of Innocence, Sundby, 40 Hasting L.J. 457, 1989.

Reasonable Doubt: An Argument Against Definition. 108 Harv. L. Rev. 1955-72 June '95.

Reasonable Doubt: How In The World Is It Defined?, Thomas V. Mulrine, 12 Am. U. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 195, 1997.

Reasonable Doubt: To Define, or Not to Define, Diamond, 90 Col.L.Rev. 1716, Oct. 1990.

The Reasonable Doubt Jury Instruction: Giving Meaning to a Critical Concept, J.N. Cohen, 22 Am. J. Crim. L. 677-701 Spring '95.

Self-Defense and the State's Burden of Proof, Comment, 20 Willamette L. Rev. 179, 1984.

Self-incrimination: Instruction Allowing Presumption or Inference of Guilt from Possession of Recently Stolen Property as Violation of Defendant's Privilege Against Self-incrimination, 88 ALR3d 1178.

State v. Jackson: Defining "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt," Robert H. Cochran, 20 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 435, Winter 1996-1997.

Supreme Court's Views as to Prejudicial Effect of Erroneous Instructions to Jury Involving Burden of Proof or Presumptions, 92 L.ed. 2d 862.

The Tension Between In re Winship and the Use of Presumptions in Jury Instructions After Sandstrom, Allen and Clark, Burke, 17 New Mexico L.Rev. 55, Winter 1987.

To a Moral Certainty: The Historical Context of the Webster Charge on Reasonable Doubt (Mass.) Herrmann and Speer, 36 Boston B.J. 22, Mar.-Apr. 1992.

To a Moral Certainty: Theories of Knowledge and Anglo-American Juries 1600 - 1850, Shapiro, 38 Hastings L.J. 153, Nov. 1986.

Unconstitutional Presumptions in Criminal Trials May be Harmless Error [case note: Rose v. Clark (1986) 106 S. Ct. 3101], Antley, 25 Houston L.Rev. 203, Jan. 1988.

Validity, under Federal Constitution, of Criminal Statute or Ordinance Making One Fact Presumptive or Prima Facie Evidence of Another--federal Cases, 23 L. Ed. 2d 812.

Vindicating the Right to Trial By Jury and the Requirement of Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: A Critique of the Conventional Wisdom About Excluding Defense Evidence, Katherine Goldwasser, (1998) 82 Geo.L.J., 621

Witness Credibility: Propriety and Prejudicial Effect of Instruction to Jury in Federal Criminal Trial That Witnesses Are Presumed to Tell the Truth, 8 ALR Fed 319.

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Breaking and Entering of Inner Door of Building as Burglary, 43 ALR3d 1147.

Maintainability of Burglary Charge, Where Entry into Building Is Made with Consent, 58 ALR4th 335.

Occupant's Absence from Residential Structure as Affecting Nature of Offense as Burglary or Breaking and Entering, 20 ALR4th 349.

Validity, Construction and Application of Statutes Relating to Burglars' Tools, 33 ALR3d 798.

What Is "Building" or "House" Within Burglary or Breaking and Entering Statute, 68 ALR4th 425.

Texts:

Wharton’s Criminal Law (West, 15th ed. 1993) § 316 pp. 223-24.

Wharton’s Criminal Law (West, 15th ed. 1993) § 321-324.