FEDERAL MODELS BY OFFENSE - PRACTICE NOTES
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Bribery: "Thing Of Value" – Prepatory Expenses (18 USC 201(b)(1))

PRACTICE NOTE: See United States v. Choy, 309 F3d 602 (9th Cir. 2002) [payment of virtually any expense in preparation for offering a bribe is not a consummated crime of bribery].